BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
Appositive Phrases
Appositive phrases (frase aposisi) adalah frase yang terdiri dari nomina atau pronomina beserta modifier-nya yang berfungsi menambah keterangan dan mendeskripsikan kata atau frase sebelumnya. Frase aposisi selalu terletak dekat dengan nomina atau pronomina yang diterangkannya. Jenis frase lainnya, umumnya juga berperan sebagai aposisi dalam suatu kalimat.
Contoh frase aposisi:
- Tom, an old friend, should have understood my fear.
- Spot, a naughty dog, always play in our backyard.
- She, my younger sister, is always late.
- The best exercise, walking briskly, is also the least expensive.
- Tom, an old friend, should have understood my fear.
- Spot, a naughty dog, always play in our backyard.
- She, my younger sister, is always late.
- The best exercise, walking briskly, is also the least expensive.
Aposisi biasanya menggunakan dua tanda koma, meski ada juga yang tidak menggunakannya. Pastikan tanda koma yang mengapit aposisi digunakan dengan benar sehingga tidak membingungkan pembaca, seperti pada contoh berikut ini.
- Do you know my friend Bill?
- Do you know my friend Bill?
Kalimat di atas tidak jelas dan membingungkan, apakah yang dimaksud si penulis itu Bill yang sedang diajak bicara ataukah Bill yang sedang dibicarakan? Jadi, penggunaan koma yang tepat akan membantu memperjelas suatu kalimat. Berikut contoh penggunaan koma yang tepat untuk kalimat di atas.
- Do you know my friend, Bill?
- Do you know my friend, Bill?
Aposisi merupakan gaya bahasa yang sangat bermanfaat karena dapat dipakai untuk mengurangi kata-kata yang tidak diperlukan sekaligus menambahkan informasi yang tepat dalam suatu kalimat. Aposisi membantu dalam:
- Membuat kalimat mudah dicerna,
- Menghilangkan pengulangan yang tidak perlu,
- Membuat irama tulisan lebih baik, dan
- Membuat tulisan menjadi lebih menarik.
Contoh:
Phineas T. Barnum was a great American showman. Barnum was near death in 1891 when a New York newspaper asked if he’d like to have his obituary published while he could still read it. (Dua kalimat)
Menjadi…
Phineas T. Barnum, a great American showman, was near death in 1891 when a New York newspaper asked if he’d like to have his obituary published while he could still read it. (Satu kalimat)
- Menghilangkan pengulangan yang tidak perlu,
- Membuat irama tulisan lebih baik, dan
- Membuat tulisan menjadi lebih menarik.
Contoh:
Phineas T. Barnum was a great American showman. Barnum was near death in 1891 when a New York newspaper asked if he’d like to have his obituary published while he could still read it. (Dua kalimat)
Menjadi…
Phineas T. Barnum, a great American showman, was near death in 1891 when a New York newspaper asked if he’d like to have his obituary published while he could still read it. (Satu kalimat)
Aposisi, juga frase aposisi mempunyai dua variasi aposisi, yaitu: essential appositive dan nonessential appositive. Aturannya, sebaiknya tidak menambahkan tanda koma pada essential appositive, sedangkan pada nonessential appositive, gunakan tanda koma.
The famous British mystery writer Agatha Christie disappeared in 1924 and was missing for 10 days. (Essential appositive)
Agatha Christie, the famous British mystery writer, disappeared in 1924 and was missing for 10 days. (Nonessential appositive)
Suatu aposisi dikatakan essential karena aposisi itu mengandung pokok atau subjek kalimat yang penting yang sedang dibahas atau dibicarakan.
Letak Appositive Phrase dalam Kalimat
Letak Appositive Phrase yang paling umum adalah sesudah noun yang diterangkan olehnya, dan terletak di antara dua tanda koma.
* His uncle, a proud and unbending man, refused all help that was offered him.
* Ahmad, eager to get ahead in his career, worked hard day and night.
* The man, aware that he had mad a mistake, tried to correct it.
* The high-powered computer machine, the most powerful of its type, was finally readied for use.
* Ahmad, eager to get ahead in his career, worked hard day and night.
* The man, aware that he had mad a mistake, tried to correct it.
* The high-powered computer machine, the most powerful of its type, was finally readied for use.
Namun Appositive Phrase yang mengacu (menerangkan) subjek dari main verb dapat pula diletakkan di awal kalimat atau di akhir kalimat.
Di Awal Kalimat
* A proud and unbending man, his uncle refused all help that was offered him.
* Eager to get ahead in his career, Charles worked hard day and night. (Pada posisi seperti ini, appositive phrase sering mengekspresikan sebab akibat, kadang-kadang kelonggaran.)
* Eager to get ahead in his career, Charles worked hard day and night. (Pada posisi seperti ini, appositive phrase sering mengekspresikan sebab akibat, kadang-kadang kelonggaran.)
Di Akhir Kalimat
* His uncle refused all help that was offered him, a proud and unbending man.
* Charles worked hard day and night, eager to get ahead in his career.
* Charles worked hard day and night, eager to get ahead in his career.
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